TOOTH CARIES, DECAY OR CAVITIES

 

1) DEFINITION

Tooth decay is the destruction of tooth structure.

 

2) CAUSES

It occurs when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches) are frequently left on the teeth. Bacteria that live in the mouth grow on these foods, producing acids. Over a period of time, these acids destroy tooth enamel resulting in tooth decay.

 

3) PROGNOSIS

If the process is not stopped cavities will begin in enamel then it will proceed to the dentine (the sensitive area) and then to the nerve causing acute nerve inflammation and severe tooth pain. If at this stage the case is not treated the acute nerve inflammation will end with abscess formation and facial swelling.

 

4) PREVENTION

You can help prevent tooth decay by following these steps:

• MIDC regimen for proper mouth cleaning.

• Eat a balanced diet and limit between-meal snacks.

• Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and oral examinations.

• Ask your dentist about dental sealants (dental materials that are usually applied to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth to act as a barrier, protecting enamel from plaque and acids).

• Increasing exposure to fluoride either topically (toothpaste) or systemically (in the water supply).

• Re-calcifying agents are available now on the market which may help in fighting the progress of caries before the stage of cavitations.

• Some neutralizing agents (alkaline) may also help in caries prevention.

 

5) TREATMENT

The treatment depends mainly upon the size and progress of the caries.

 

Case

Treatment

Small to moderate sized carious cavities.

Simple restoration (Filling)

Large sized carious cavities.

Direct restoration supported and retained by small pins or indirect restoration.

Too large badly destroyed vital tooth.

Covering the entire tooth body (Crown)

When nerve is affected

Pulp de-vitalization (Root canal treatment) then covering the entire tooth body (Crown)

When the tooth should be extracted

Treatment will include either (Bridges) or (Implants)